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<h1>Security Requirements and Precautions Pertaining to Hidden Volumes</h1>
<div style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
If you use a <a href="Hidden%20Volume.html" style="text-align:left; color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none.html">
hidden VeraCrypt volume</a>, you must follow the security requirements and precautions listed below in this section. Disclaimer: This section is not guaranteed to contain a list of
<em style="text-align:left">all</em> security issues and attacks that might adversely affect or limit the ability of VeraCrypt to secure data stored in a hidden VeraCrypt volume and the ability to provide plausible deniability.</div>
<ul style="text-align:left; margin-top:18px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
<li style="text-align:left; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
-If an adversary has access to a (dismounted) VeraCrypt volume at several points over time, he may be able to determine which sectors of the volume are changing. If you change the contents of a
+If an adversary has access to a (unmounted) VeraCrypt volume at several points over time, he may be able to determine which sectors of the volume are changing. If you change the contents of a
<a href="Hidden%20Volume.html" style="text-align:left; color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none.html">
hidden volume</a> (e.g., create/copy new files to the hidden volume or modify/delete/rename/move files stored on the hidden volume, etc.), the contents of sectors (ciphertext) in the hidden volume area will change. After being given the password to the outer
volume, the adversary might demand an explanation why these sectors changed. Your failure to provide a plausible explanation might indicate the existence of a hidden volume within the outer volume.<br style="text-align:left">
<br style="text-align:left">
Note that issues similar to the one described above may also arise, for example, in the following cases:<br style="text-align:left">
<ul style="text-align:left; margin-top:18px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
<li style="text-align:left; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
The file system in which you store a file-hosted VeraCrypt container has been defragmented and a copy of the VeraCrypt container (or of its fragment) remains in the free space on the host volume (in the defragmented file system). To prevent this, do one of
the following:
<ul style="text-align:left; margin-top:18px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
<li style="text-align:left; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
Use a partition/device-hosted VeraCrypt volume instead of file-hosted. </li><li style="text-align:left; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
Securely erase free space on the host volume (in the defragmented file system) after defragmenting. On Windows, this can be done using the Microsoft
<a href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897443.aspx">free utility SDelete</a>. On Linux, the
<em>shred</em> utility from GNU coreutils package can be used for this purpose. </li><li style="text-align:left; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
Do not defragment file systems in which you store VeraCrypt volumes. </li></ul>
</li><li style="text-align:left; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
A file-hosted VeraCrypt container is stored in a journaling file system (such as NTFS). A&nbsp;copy of the VeraCrypt container (or of its fragment) may remain on the host volume. To prevent this, do one the following:
<ul style="text-align:left; margin-top:18px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
<li style="text-align:left; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">