/*
 Derived from source code of TrueCrypt 7.1a, which is
 Copyright (c) 2008-2012 TrueCrypt Developers Association and which is governed
 by the TrueCrypt License 3.0.

 Modifications and additions to the original source code (contained in this file)
 and all other portions of this file are Copyright (c) 2013-2025 IDRIX
 and are governed by the Apache License 2.0 the full text of which is
 contained in the file License.txt included in VeraCrypt binary and source
 code distribution packages.
*/

#include "Bios.h"
#include "BootConsoleIo.h"
#include "BootConfig.h"
#include "BootDebug.h"
#include "BootDefs.h"
#include "BootDiskIo.h"
#include "BootStrings.h"


uint8 SectorBuffer[TC_LB_SIZE];

#ifdef TC_BOOT_DEBUG_ENABLED
static bool SectorBufferInUse = false;

void AcquireSectorBuffer ()
{
	if (SectorBufferInUse)
		TC_THROW_FATAL_EXCEPTION;

	SectorBufferInUse = true;
}


void ReleaseSectorBuffer ()
{
	SectorBufferInUse = false;
}

#endif


bool IsLbaSupported (uint8 drive)
{
	static uint8 CachedDrive = TC_INVALID_BIOS_DRIVE;
	static bool CachedStatus;
	uint16 result = 0;

	if (CachedDrive == drive)
		goto ret;

	__asm
	{
		mov bx, 0x55aa
		mov dl, drive
		mov ah, 0x41
		int 0x13
		jc err
		mov result, bx
	err:
	}

	CachedDrive = drive;
	CachedStatus = (result == 0xaa55);
ret:
	return CachedStatus;
}


void PrintDiskError (BiosResult error, bool write, uint8 drive, const uint64 *sector, const ChsAddress *chs)
{
	PrintEndl();
	Print (write ? "Write" : "Read"); Print (" error:");
	Print (error);
	Print (" Drive:");
	Print (drive ^ 0x80);

	if (sector)
	{
		Print (" Sector:");
		Print (*sector);
	}

	if (chs)
	{
		Print (" CHS:");
		Print (*chs);
	}

	PrintEndl();
	Beep();
}


void Print (const ChsAddress &chs)
{
	Print (chs.Cylinder);
	PrintChar ('/');
	Print (chs.Head);
	PrintChar ('/');
	Print (chs.Sector);
}


void PrintSectorCountInMB (const uint64 &sectorCount)
{
	Print (sectorCount >> (TC_LB_SIZE_BIT_SHIFT_DIVISOR + 2)); Print (" MiB ");
}


BiosResult ReadWriteSectors (bool write, uint16 bufferSegment, uint16 bufferOffset, uint8 drive, const ChsAddress &chs, uint8 sectorCount, bool silent)
{
	CheckStack();

	uint8 cylinderLow = (uint8) chs.Cylinder;
	uint8 sector = chs.Sector;
	sector |= uint8 (chs.Cylinder >> 2) & 0xc0;
	uint8 function = write ? 0x03 : 0x02;

	BiosResult result;
	uint8 tryCount = TC_MAX_BIOS_DISK_IO_RETRIES;

	do
	{
		result = BiosResultSuccess;

		__asm
		{
			push es
			mov ax, bufferSegment
			mov	es, ax
			mov	bx, bufferOffset
			mov dl, drive
			mov ch, cylinderLow
			mov si, chs
			mov dh, [si].Head
			mov cl, sector
			mov	al, sectorCount
			mov	ah, function
			int	0x13
			jnc ok				// If CF=0, ignore AH to prevent issues caused by potential bugs in BIOSes
			mov	result, ah
		ok:
			pop es
		}

		if (result == BiosResultEccCorrected)
			result = BiosResultSuccess;

	// Some BIOSes report I/O errors prematurely in some cases
	} while (result != BiosResultSuccess && --tryCount != 0);

	if (!silent && result != BiosResultSuccess)
		PrintDiskError (result, write, drive, nullptr, &chs);

	return result;
}

#ifdef TC_WINDOWS_BOOT_RESCUE_DISK_MODE

BiosResult ReadWriteSectors (bool write, uint8 *buffer, uint8 drive, const ChsAddress &chs, uint8 sectorCount, bool silent)
{
	uint16 codeSeg;
	__asm mov codeSeg, cs
	return ReadWriteSectors (write, codeSeg, (uint16) buffer, drive, chs, sectorCount, silent);
}

BiosResult ReadSectors (uint8 *buffer, uint8 drive, const ChsAddress &chs, uint8 sectorCount, bool silent)
{
	return ReadWriteSectors (false, buffer, drive, chs, sectorCount, silent);
}

#if 0
BiosResult WriteSectors (uint8 *buffer, uint8 drive, const ChsAddress &chs, uint8 sectorCount, bool silent)
{
	return ReadWriteSectors (true, buffer, drive, chs, sectorCount, silent);
}
#endif

#endif

static BiosResult ReadWriteSectors (bool write, BiosLbaPacket &dapPacket, uint8 drive, const uint64 &sector, uint16 sectorCount, bool silent)
{
	CheckStack();

	if (!IsLbaSupported (drive))
	{
		DriveGeometry geometry;

		BiosResult result = GetDriveGeometry (drive, geometry, silent);
		if (result != BiosResultSuccess)
			return result;

		ChsAddress chs;
		LbaToChs (geometry, sector, chs);
		return ReadWriteSectors (write, (uint16) (dapPacket.Buffer >> 16), (uint16) dapPacket.Buffer, drive, chs, sectorCount, silent);
	}

	dapPacket.Size = sizeof (dapPacket);
	dapPacket.Reserved = 0;
	dapPacket.SectorCount = sectorCount;
	dapPacket.Sector = sector;

	uint8 function = write ? 0x43 : 0x42;

	BiosResult result;
	uint8 tryCount = TC_MAX_BIOS_DISK_IO_RETRIES;

	do
	{
		result = BiosResultSuccess;

		__asm
		{
			mov	bx, 0x55aa
			mov	dl, drive
			mov si, [dapPacket]
			mov	ah, function
			xor al, al
			int	0x13
			jnc ok				// If CF=0, ignore AH to prevent issues caused by potential bugs in BIOSes
			mov	result, ah
		ok:
		}

		if (result == BiosResultEccCorrected)
			result = BiosResultSuccess;

	// Some BIOSes report I/O errors prematurely in some cases
	} while (result != BiosResultSuccess && --tryCount != 0);

	if (!silent && result != BiosResultSuccess)
		PrintDiskError (result, write, drive, &sector);

	return result;
}


BiosResult ReadWriteSectors (bool write, uint8 *buffer, uint8 drive, const uint64 &sector, uint16 sectorCount, bool silent)
{
	BiosLbaPacket dapPacket;
	dapPacket.Buffer = (uint32) buffer;
	return ReadWriteSectors (write, dapPacket, drive, sector, sectorCount, silent);
}


BiosResult ReadWriteSectors (bool write, uint16 bufferSegment, uint16 bufferOffset, uint8 drive, const uint64 &sector, uint16 sectorCount, bool silent)
{
	BiosLbaPacket dapPacket;
	dapPacket.Buffer = ((uint32) bufferSegment << 16) | bufferOffset;
	return ReadWriteSectors (write, dapPacket, drive, sector, sectorCount, silent);
}

BiosResult ReadSectors (uint16 bufferSegment, uint16 bufferOffset, uint8 drive, const uint64 &sector, uint16 sectorCount, bool silent)
{
	return ReadWriteSectors (false, bufferSegment, bufferOffset, drive, sector, sectorCount, silent);
}


BiosResult ReadSectors (uint8 *buffer, uint8 drive, const uint64 &sector, uint16 sectorCount, bool silent)
{
	BiosResult result;
	uint16 codeSeg;
	__asm mov codeSeg, cs

	result = ReadSectors (BootStarted ? codeSeg : TC_BOOT_LOADER_ALT_SEGMENT, (uint16) buffer, drive, sector, sectorCount, silent);

	// Alternative segment is used to prevent memory corruption caused by buggy BIOSes
	if (!BootStarted)
		CopyMemory (TC_BOOT_LOADER_ALT_SEGMENT, (uint16) buffer, buffer, sectorCount * TC_LB_SIZE);

	return result;
}


BiosResult WriteSectors (uint8 *buffer, uint8 drive, const uint64 &sector, uint16 sectorCount, bool silent)
{
	return ReadWriteSectors (true, buffer, drive, sector, sectorCount, silent);
}


BiosResult GetDriveGeometry (uint8 drive, DriveGeometry &geometry, bool silent)
{
	CheckStack();

	uint8 maxCylinderLow, maxHead, maxSector;
	BiosResult result;
	__asm
	{
		push es
		mov dl, drive
		mov ah, 0x08
		int	0x13

		mov	result, ah
		mov maxCylinderLow, ch
		mov maxSector, cl
		mov maxHead, dh
		pop es
	}

	if (result == BiosResultSuccess)
	{
		geometry.Cylinders = (maxCylinderLow | (uint16 (maxSector & 0xc0) << 2)) + 1;
		geometry.Heads = maxHead + 1;
		geometry.Sectors = maxSector & ~0xc0;
	}
	else if (!silent)
	{
		Print ("Drive ");
		Print (drive ^ 0x80);
		Print (" not found: ");
		PrintErrorNoEndl ("");
		Print (result);
		PrintEndl();
	}

	return result;
}


void ChsToLba (const DriveGeometry &geometry, const ChsAddress &chs, uint64 &lba)
{
	lba.HighPart = 0;
	lba.LowPart = (uint32 (chs.Cylinder) * geometry.Heads + chs.Head) * geometry.Sectors + chs.Sector - 1;
}


void LbaToChs (const DriveGeometry &geometry, const uint64 &lba, ChsAddress &chs)
{
	chs.Sector = (uint8) ((lba.LowPart % geometry.Sectors) + 1);
	uint32 ch = lba.LowPart / geometry.Sectors;
	chs.Head = (uint8) (ch % geometry.Heads);
	chs.Cylinder = (uint16) (ch / geometry.Heads);
}


void PartitionEntryMBRToPartition (const PartitionEntryMBR &partEntry, Partition &partition)
{
	partition.Active = partEntry.BootIndicator == 0x80;
	partition.EndSector.HighPart = 0;
	partition.EndSector.LowPart = partEntry.StartLBA + partEntry.SectorCountLBA - 1;
	partition.SectorCount.HighPart = 0;
	partition.SectorCount.LowPart = partEntry.SectorCountLBA;
	partition.StartSector.HighPart = 0;
	partition.StartSector.LowPart = partEntry.StartLBA;
	partition.Type = partEntry.Type;
}


BiosResult ReadWriteMBR (bool write, uint8 drive, bool silent)
{
	uint64 mbrSector;
	mbrSector.HighPart = 0;
	mbrSector.LowPart = 0;

	if (write)
		return WriteSectors (SectorBuffer, drive, mbrSector, 1, silent);

	return ReadSectors (SectorBuffer, drive, mbrSector, 1, silent);		// Uses alternative segment
}


BiosResult GetDrivePartitions (uint8 drive, Partition *partitionArray, size_t partitionArrayCapacity, size_t &partitionCount, bool activeOnly, Partition *findPartitionFollowingThis, bool silent)
{
	Partition *followingPartition;
	Partition tmpPartition;

	if (findPartitionFollowingThis)
	{
		assert (partitionArrayCapacity == 1);
		partitionArrayCapacity = 0xff;
		followingPartition = partitionArray;
		partitionArray = &tmpPartition;

		followingPartition->Drive = TC_INVALID_BIOS_DRIVE;
		followingPartition->StartSector.LowPart = 0xFFFFffffUL;
	}

	AcquireSectorBuffer();
	BiosResult result = ReadWriteMBR (false, drive, silent);
	ReleaseSectorBuffer();

	partitionCount = 0;

	MBR *mbr = (MBR *) SectorBuffer;
	if (result != BiosResultSuccess || mbr->Signature != 0xaa55)
		return result;

	PartitionEntryMBR mbrPartitions[4];
	memcpy (mbrPartitions, mbr->Partitions, sizeof (mbrPartitions));
	size_t partitionArrayPos = 0, partitionNumber;

	for (partitionNumber = 0;
		partitionNumber < array_capacity (mbrPartitions) && partitionArrayPos < partitionArrayCapacity;
		++partitionNumber)
	{
		const PartitionEntryMBR &partEntry = mbrPartitions[partitionNumber];

		if (partEntry.SectorCountLBA > 0)
		{
			Partition &partition = partitionArray[partitionArrayPos];
			PartitionEntryMBRToPartition (partEntry, partition);

			if (activeOnly && !partition.Active)
				continue;

			partition.Drive = drive;
			partition.Number = partitionArrayPos;

			if (partEntry.Type == 0x5 || partEntry.Type == 0xf) // Extended partition
			{
				if (IsLbaSupported (drive))
				{
					// Find all extended partitions
					uint64 firstExtStartLBA = partition.StartSector;
					uint64 extStartLBA = partition.StartSector;
					MBR *extMbr = (MBR *) SectorBuffer;

					while (partitionArrayPos < partitionArrayCapacity &&
						(result = ReadSectors ((uint8 *) extMbr, drive, extStartLBA, 1, silent)) == BiosResultSuccess
						&& extMbr->Signature == 0xaa55)
					{
						if (extMbr->Partitions[0].SectorCountLBA > 0)
						{
							Partition &logPart = partitionArray[partitionArrayPos];
							PartitionEntryMBRToPartition (extMbr->Partitions[0], logPart);
							logPart.Drive = drive;

							logPart.Number = partitionArrayPos;
							logPart.Primary = false;

							logPart.StartSector.LowPart += extStartLBA.LowPart;
							logPart.EndSector.LowPart += extStartLBA.LowPart;

							if (findPartitionFollowingThis)
							{
								if (logPart.StartSector.LowPart > findPartitionFollowingThis->EndSector.LowPart
									&& logPart.StartSector.LowPart < followingPartition->StartSector.LowPart)
								{
									*followingPartition = logPart;
								}
							}
							else
								++partitionArrayPos;
						}

						// Secondary extended
						if (extMbr->Partitions[1].Type != 0x5 && extMbr->Partitions[1].Type == 0xf
							|| extMbr->Partitions[1].SectorCountLBA == 0)
							break;

						extStartLBA.LowPart = extMbr->Partitions[1].StartLBA + firstExtStartLBA.LowPart;
					}
				}
			}
			else
			{
				partition.Primary = true;

				if (findPartitionFollowingThis)
				{
					if (partition.StartSector.LowPart > findPartitionFollowingThis->EndSector.LowPart
						&& partition.StartSector.LowPart < followingPartition->StartSector.LowPart)
					{
						*followingPartition = partition;
					}
				}
				else
					++partitionArrayPos;
			}
		}
	}

	partitionCount = partitionArrayPos;
	return result;
}


bool GetActivePartition (uint8 drive)
{
	size_t partCount;

	if (GetDrivePartitions (drive, &ActivePartition, 1, partCount, true) != BiosResultSuccess || partCount < 1)
	{
		ActivePartition.Drive = TC_INVALID_BIOS_DRIVE;
		PrintError (TC_BOOT_STR_NO_BOOT_PARTITION);
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}